Герб горада Ліды, наданы 17 верасня 1590 г.
INTRODUCTION
The present, successive volume of the Metryka of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL), which is now offered to the reader, represents Book 43 of documents according to numeration of metricant (author) S. L. Ptashytski. The scientist marked the chronological bracket of this book by the period from 1555 to 1560 (1). Indeed, most of the documents refer to this particular period, but not all of them. The grant certificate, issued by the Bishop of Vilno, Duke Pavel Alexandrovich Golshanski, dated 1523, must be considered the earliest of the documents. This entry was made into the privilegeconfirmation, granted by the King of Poland, Great Duke of Lithuania of 1555, to Voitsekh Yukhnovich Mikhalavski, princely boyar of Golshany, on people and lands (see document 19). The Book also contains three earlier documents, dated 1543, 1544, 1554 (see documents 45, 1, 11).
Book 43 is one of typical books of the Metryka with the documents, issued by the GDL Chancellery mainly in 1555--1560 during the rule of Zyhimont August (1544--1572). It contains a valuable material for studying the history of the GDL. The content of the documents is manifold. They are mostly privileges, by means of which the Grand Duke used to grant rights to occupy posts, own lands, peasants, build and hold taverns, various sources of income, and also confirmations of such rights. The Book comprises several testaments (see documents 3, 11, 20, 24, 41, the latter four ones are dated). The documents of the Book shed light on the activities of the GDL Chancellery and may be used to study the science of historical documentation, diplomatics, codicology, issues of historical geography. However, most of the documents refer to land ownership. They enable to trace the development of private and state ownership on land, to replenish the data on genealogy of the Polish gentry kins.
Book 43 of the GDL Metryka contains information on more than 300 persons. Besides the Great Duke Zyhimont August, the Chancellor of the GDL, Mikalai Radzivil, voevode of Vilno, and Yan Mikalayevich Gaiko, princely clerk and headman ofAshmyany and Utyany, whose signatures certify the documents of the Book, the names of the following magnates are often mentioned: Albrecht Martsinovich Gashtold, voevode of Vilno, his wife princess Sofia Mikhailovna Vereiskaya, and their son Stanislaw Gashtold, voevode of Troki (45); Astafy Bogdanovich Valovich, marshal of the nobility and royal clerk, headman of Medniki. Mogilyov, Usvyaty and Azertsy (4, 6, 15, 18, 24, 44, 50); Mikalai Yuryevich Radzivil, voevode of Troki, headman of Lida, Vasilishki, Belitsa and Samilishki, warden ofMozyr (12, 20, 37); Yeronim Alexandrovich Khadkevich, warden of Zhamoits, headman of Plotseli, Tialshai and Vilkiya (11, 37); Grigory Alexandrovich Khadkevich, voevode of Kiev, headman of Karmyaly (43); Mikalai Stanislavovich Glyabovich, voevode of Polotsk, and his wife
1 C. Л. Пmaшuцкuй. Onucaние книг и актов Литовской метрики. Cn6., 1887. C. 87
Nastassya Ventslavovna Nemirovna (40); Mikalai Petrovich Tsekhanovski, princely cup-bearer, warden of Dragichin, and his wife Marina Mikhailovna Mstislavskaya (44); Yarosh Karytski, princely equerry, headman of Geranoyeny, Traby and Volozhin, and his wife Ganna Andreyevna Davoina (20); Kryshtof Yuryevich Zavisha, princely marshal of the nobility, headman ofPerevaIki (32), and his brothers - Yan Andreyevich and Malkher Andreyevich Zavisha (18); Mikalai Shimkovich Pashusvenski, princely marshal of the nobility, village headman ofEiragola, manager of the Upita administrative district (3, 20, 42); and also the kins of Sapega (6, 24), Chyzh (24), Yedkovich (42), Krasovski (40, 50), Marshtyn (41), Khaletski (15, 42), Shostak (3) and others.
The names of princes are also mentioned quite often: Semyon Yuryevich and Yury Yuryevich Slutski (13, 33); Fredrikh Glebovich Pronski, voevode of Kiev, headman ofChernobyl (7-10); Andrey Mikhailovich Sangoushkovich Kashirski, warden of Lutsk (46) and his wife Bogdana Mikhailovna Mstislavskaya (44); Ivan Vassilievich Salameretski, warden of Mstislavl and Radomlya, headman of Gloukhov and Bykhov; Pavel Alexandrovich Golshanski, Bishop ofViIno, Lutsk and Berasteya (19); and also Mstislavskis (44), Narbuts (3, 24) and others.
The manuscript of Book 43 of the Metryka is kept at the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RSAAA) (Fund 389, file 43). Copying of the files of the Book was made from photo copies, and then verification with the original was made. The manuscript has been described and prepared for publication mainly pursuant to the "Methodology Guidelines on Publication and Description of the Lithuanian Metryka" by A. L. Khoroshkevich and S. M. Kashtanov (Vilnius, 1985).
The title list of Book 43 of the Metryka, headings of the documents were written by Adam Matseyevich Pashkevich (2). The texts of the documents were rewritten (copied) from the original Book by an unknown copyist. The handwriting is uniform, small, and nicely readable. The last document of the Book has a different handwriting (lists 64-64 backside).
The Book is clearly structured. With a little exception, the documents of the Book are made out to the following scheme: heading, titling of the Great Duke, text. In most of the documents, in the final part of the protocol, the data on the King's signature, and also on the signature of the voevode of ViIno, is located in the left-hand portion of the list of the manuscript, two spaces away from the date, and the signature of the clerk is on the right-hand side. In a series of documents of the Book (3, 4, 15, 18, 25, 26, 30, 33, 42, 46, 48, 49) the date is placed at the beginning, right after the heading. Most of the documents are of medium and small size. Book 43 of the Metryka undoubtedly refers to the category of entries (records). A lot of documents of the Book are privileges of the Great Duke on taverns (14, 19, 21-23, 27-29, 31, 32, 34-36).
The Book comprises 68 documents of the period from 1523 to 1560. Of them 22 documents bear the date of 1555, 15 ones - of 1556, 9 ones - of 1557, 9 ones - of 1558, 2 ones - of 1559, 7 ones - of 1560; there also four documents dated 1523, 1543, 1544, and 1554, respectively. An interesting fact is that the Book has a lot of "affiliated" documents (that is those written into other documents "word by word"). They make 25% of the total number (17 documents) and are distributed in the following way: for the years 1523, 1543, 1544, 1554 - one document each; 1555 - 2 documents; 1556 - 4 documents; 1557 - 3 documents; 1558 - 2 documents; and 1559 - 2 documents. The Cyrillic register of the Book does not list these documents; it has only 51 of them listed. The affiliated documents are placed mainly within conformational privileges of the Great Duke Zyhimont August (see documents 11, 19, 20, 24, 37, 40, 44, 45).
Book 43 of the Metryka is notable for its almost strict yearly chronology of the documents, however, with some exceptions (see Table 1). The order of entering the documents into the Book is almost correspondent to the succession (towards increase) of their dates.
2 See its autograph at: RSAAA, file 15, list 273 bs.; ibid., F. 389, file 30, list 27 bs.; Lietuvos Metryka- Knyga № 5. Vilnius, 1993. P. 297.
The topologic data, places of drawing up of the documents, entered into the original Book, are as follows: Alita, Berestye, Balya, Warsaw, Vilno, Kovno, Novogrudok, Petrikov, Salaty, Yanov. However, most of the documents were made out at the Great Duke's Chancellery in the capital of the GDL-Vilno.
Thus, as it is seen from Table 1 and from the Chronological List of Documents, Book 43 of the GDL Metryka holds the documents mainly dated by the second half of the 50s of the 16th century. Like the overwhelming majority of the books of the 16th century, it is a copy made at the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th century. To the view of the publisher, this Book-copy was rewritten from the whole original Book (without the heading list and the contents register). The latter repre- sented the book of Yan Mikalayevich Gaiko, princely clerk, equerry of Grodno, headman of Ashmyany (his signatures may be found in documents 1, 2, 5-7, 10, 12, 13, 19, 34-36, 38-40, 45) during the time, when the GDL Chancellery was managed by Mikalai Radzivil, the Chancellor, voevode of Vilno, marshal of the province nobility (imitation of his signatures remained in documents 1, 2,7-10, 27). Out of the 68 documents of the Book, the King's signatures may be found in twenty of them (12, 13, 19-23, 29, 31, 32, 34-36, 38-41, 45, 51).
The chronological date of creation of the original Book is the date of copying of the documents into the sections (notebooks) of this Book. The Book comprises 10 sections. The numeration of sections is missing. The sections are of two sizes - of 6 and 10 lists, or 3 and 5 lists "in folio" in one. Their presence may be judged by the thread braiding, which was detected in the following lists: 2 backside (hereinafter - bs.)-3, 7 bs.-8, 3 bs.-4. 11 bs.-12, 19 bs.-20, 27 bs.-28, 35 bs.-36, 43 bs.- 44, 51 bs.-52, 59 bs.-60. Section (notebook) No. 1 (lists 1-1-5 bs. and the glued-under list 5a) is the contents register of last quarter of the 18th century, transliterated by Roman letters. Lists I and 5a are clean, crossed out. Section No. 2 (lists 6-9 bs.) contains the Cyrillic (in the old-Belarusian language) contents register of the Book of the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th century. Sections No. 3 (lists 1-6 bs.). No. 4 (lists 7-16 bs.) and No. 5 (lists 17-22 bs.) comprise copies of the documents for 1555, which take about one third of the Book. Section No. 6 (lists 23-32 bs.) comprises documents of 1556. Section No. 7 (lists 33-38 bs.) comprises documents of 1556 and 1557, but in the middle there is one document of 1558. Sections No. 8 (lists 39-48 bs.) and No. 9 (lists 49-54 bs.) are filled with the documents of 1558, and section No. 8 has one document of 1556. After 1558 the entering of the documents into the Book was interrupted till January 1560. For the year 1559 only those documents remained (48-49), which were included into the documents of 1560. Section No. 10 (lists 55-64 bs. and the glued-under list 65) is completely made up of the documents of 1560. Certainly, at the end of 1560 the sections were stitched, bound and made a separate book of the original "old" Metryka. The date of its creation should be considered 1555-1558, 1560.
The approximate date of creation of the Book-copy 43 of the Metryka is confirmed by the water marks in the lists of the manuscript (see External Features of the Manuscript). We may suppose that the work of making the Book-copy started in 1594-1597 and was over in 1598-1600.
External Features of the Manuscript
Book 43 of the Metryka is not an original, but a copy of the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th century. Research of the binding (framing) of the Book confirms this opinion. Its covers protrude beyond the block and are made of cardboard covered with dark-brown leather, decorated by a patterned ornament. The size of the covers is 31.9 x20.5 cm. The upper side of the jacket has the form of an external and internal rectangles, made by means ofrolled-on bands 0.8 cm wide, along the left- and right-hand edges they are 2.2 cm wide. The upper left-hand corner of the jacket is patched up. The thickness of the back makes 2.1 cm. The back of the book is stitched by five broaching clamps. It has 4 labels (see their sizes and texts in Table 3); the back is damaged in its upper and bottom sections. Labels 1-4 (conventionally numbered from up down) or green-yellow colour are covered with lustre and have embossed gilded inscriptions. On the back of the Book there are traces of two more labels (between the 3rd and 4th ones), which have not preserved. All the lists of the Book are stitched with a red silk string, both end of which are knotted on the backside of list 65 and fixed with an attached seal of the 1st Division of the 3rd Department of the Government's Senate made of red sealing wax. The list (21.4 x 16.4 cm) was glued to the internal side of the upper cover with a heading in the Latin language made by printing in the last quarter of the 18th century. Below in the list it is written in ink: Fund 389, unit 43. The left-hand lower corner of the jacket bears a printed paper label of the RSAAA and the list of usage of the documents.
The lower part of the jacket of Book 43 of the Metryka has a more complicated structure. It has several impressed rectangles, separated from each other by frames: a large external rectangle with rolled-on tracks on the edges, then - an ornamented rectangle (above, below and to the left the ornament is the same as in the upper part of the jacket, to the right - another one, shabby); in the centre there is a rectangle sized 9.5 x 15.5 cm. In the middle a rectangle is formed by rolled-on tracks 0.5 cm wide, which is divided by two rolled-on tracks of the same type into three parts. The central rectangular is framed by four columns: two horizontal (11.2 x 1.5 cm) and two vertical (18.3 x 1.5 cm). Waist portraits of biblical persons are embossed in the columns and inscribed in Latin: "DATLE", "APARVI", "DEFRV", "LOCEA", "ANRECI". There are 15 images in total. Three of them are repeated several times, two persons are in nimbi, and one is in the crown. They should be watched in the clockwise direction. The images are distributed as follows: to the left, closer to the edge of the jacket - 5 images, to the right, in direction of the root of the jacket -4 images, they look like placed upside down, above and below on the jacket - 3 images each, located horizontally. Such bindings were met till the middle of the 17th century; the fact was mentioned by various researchers. For example, P. G. Kennedy stated, in her work about the Volyn Metryka, that in the most of original bindings of the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th century, they pressed two or three rows into rectangular edge frames by means of blind stamping. Several knurls were used for this purpose, including those with medallions, which contained icon images of Church Fathers or saints with respective inscriptions (3). According to observations of E. Lautsyavichus, in the second half of the 16th century book bindings were often decorated by embossed columns with biblical heroes and inscriptions in Latin. Many local bookbinders used various types of such columns, which often differed rather slightly (4). A plant-type stylish ornament was embossed along the edge of the frame. The pattern of this ornament is also met in bindings of the end of the 16* - beginning of the 17th century (5).
It is well-known that at the end of the 18th century the Books of the Metryka were bound anew. It is probable, that during restoration of Book 43 during that period the old framing of the 16th century was preserved. A paper sheet of the 18th century was glued to the inner side of the lower cover of the jacket. As to the current condition of the manuscript, the upper and lower left-hand comers of the jacket are damaged. In the left-hand lower comer of the outer side of the upper cover of the jacket, a label sized 5.2 x 7 cm was attached, bearing the present archive coding (389 No. 43).
3 Russian (Volyn) Metryka. Registers of Documents of the Royal Chancellery for Ukrainian Lands (Volyn, Kiev, Bratslav, Chernigov Voevode Offices) of 1569-1673. Foreword by Patricia Grimstead Kennedy. Kiev. 2002. P. 98.
4 Laucevicius E. XV-XVIII a. Knygu yisimai Lietuvos bibliotekose. Vilnius.1986. P. 89. The book shows many such bindings. See, for instance. No. 529, year 1567, "No. 427, about 1565, No. 428,1574 and others.
5 Ibid. No. 291, mid-l cent., p.70. No. 294, the 1st decade of the 17th cent, p. 70. No. 335, about 1572, p. 77 and others; see also the facsimile of the upper cover of the binding of the book RM 6 (RSAAA Fund 389, part I, file 196). Russian Metryka, p. 90.
The manuscript has a total of 73 lists (together with the registers and lists I, 5a, 65 added in the last quarter of the 18th century). Lists 1-64 are the initial ones. The lists of registers found in the manuscript are indicated in Arabic figures. The text lists of the documents have three paginations. The first one, made of letters and titles (Cyrillic, all of them with ink), starts from the text of the Book with addition of the ".7ucm" (list) to each figure, and lasts till the 64th list of the Book. This pagination was made at the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th century, during the copying of the Book. The place of the pagination is in the upper margin in the right-hand corner of the good side of each list. Both registers have no letter pagination. The other pagination of the same period is made in ink of another colour and in fact repeats the first one in Arabic figures (almost all the numbers are with full stops, without it are the following: 8, 16, 20, 48, 58, 64). It is a little higher and to the right of the first one. The third pagination was made in the 50s (?) of the 20th century at the RSAAA; only the backside of each list was numbered with a pencil with addition of the abbreviation "o6." (backside), for example, "10 o6." The latest pagination is of double nature. Lists with registers and lists with texts of the documents are numbered separately. The location of this pagination is in the upper margin of the list, in the backside - in the left-hand comer. As a result of combination of the second and third paginations, the texts of the Book acquired a complete numeration. It marks the lists of the manuscript of the given volume, and we refer to it in our comments and other references.
The structure of the Book-copy 43 of the Metry'ka is as follows: 1) the heading to the Book-copy of the last quarter of the 18th century in the Latin language made by printing; 2) the register of the Book of the same period, transliterated by the Latin alphabet (lists 1-5 bs.); 3) the heading to the Bookcopy in the old-Belarusian language of the end of the 16* - beginning of the 17th century (list 6); 4) the Cyrillic (in the old-Belarusian language) register of the contents of the Book of the and of the 16th - of the 17th century (Visis 7-9 bs.); 5) me title Tisi of Ine manuscript of the book (list 1); 6) the texts of the documents with their headings (lists 1 bs.-64 bs.).
The transliterated register of the contents of the last quarter of the 18th century is not published, since it completely repeats the original Cyrillic one. Let's give its general description. In the manuscript, the register forms section No. 1 (lists 1-1-5 bs.-5a) in the paper of the 18th century. Lists 5a and 65 are glued. In the top of list 1 in the middle the code of the manuscript of the 18th century - 98 - is written in Arabic figures of the red colour. The register starts with a heading in the Polish language (see 111. 2). The heading of the register and all the annotations are enclosed into a bracket made with a ruler. The numbers of those lists of the manuscript, with which documents begin, are enclosed into a special bracket. The numbers of the documents are not indicated. The annotations of the transliterated register represent copies of the headings of the Book (the old-Belarusian language is given by Roman letters). The space between the end of the last line of the annotation and the numeration is filled in with a hand-made dotted line. All the elements of the register are written with the same ink of dark-brown colour.
The size of the lists of the manuscript is 31.1 x 19.8 cm. Each list contains 26-27 lines in average, but there are some with 30 (list 44 bs.), 31 (list 49), and 24 lines (list 62). The ink is black-brown. The manuscript is in good condition; however, certain lists have grown decrepit and have defects. Thus, lists 6, 7, 9 have been repaired in the left below, near the root, by means of paper overlap, lists 28, 29, 30, 52 have been restored in the same manner in the right upper corner, list 31 has its upper left corner torn away, list 21 was slightly torn in its right upper comer, list 24 was repaired in its upper right-hand side, two lists are torn away: list 26 - in the right below, list 31 - in the upper right side, list 60 has a hole to the right below, list 64 was restored near the root and in the upper left part.
Water-mark of Book 43 of the Metryka
Water-mark No. 1: lists 6, 7, 40, 57, 58, 60, 63 - "Axe" (with a crescent on the shield): (1594-1597) (6): Water-mark No. 1 (see page 10)
Water-mark No. 2: lists 1, 3, 5, 13, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 43, 45, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54 -"Dog-fox" (double cross with a pointed roof ridge inside the oval of a rounded shield): (1598-1600) (7): Water-mark No. 2 (see page 11)
Water-mark No. 3: lists 8, 12, 14, 33, 35, 37, 39 - coat of arms "Gabdank" in a cartouche (1567-1600) (8): Water-mark No. 3 (see page 12)
Water-mark No. 4: lists 3, 4, 5, 65 - "Mistress" (1779-1780)(9). Water-mark No. 4 (see page 13)
Water-marks in lists 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 8, 14, 28, 43, 46, 48, 52, 54 are turned upside down: The text of the documents of the manuscript are placed in lists 1-64 bs. They were written in an expressive, nicely legible and discernable cursive writing of the old-Belarusian record-keeping of the 16th century, sometimes initial and thick capital letters are met. No losses are present. The headings are written in bigger letters. The title of the Book-copy 43, five lines of the title-page of the Book,three initial lines of the original register and some of the initials are written in uncial, in big letters styled as printed ones.
It is necessary to remark that the headings were written into the finished text later. This conclusion is supported by different inks used and placement of the headings (sometimes they are condensed; sometimes too much clean paper was left). Most probably, they were made by Adam Pashkevich during copying the Book at the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th century, which is confirmed by identification of his handwriting. There are slight discrepancies in the names of the documents in the text and the register.
Book-copy 43 comprises several later entries and notes, which have value for studying the history of the manuscript. They are: 1. Signatures of Mikalai Markhach-Pouzyalevski, auditor of the Book-copy, instigator of the GDL. 1.1. In list 9 bs., below the last annotation of the Cyrillic register, in the middle of the line it is written, "Instigator" [17th century, ink]. 1.2. In list 64 bs. to the right, after the text of the last document, "Koniec Mikolay Puzeliewski - Instigator W(ielkiego) K(sienstwa) Lit(ewskiego)", and two spaces lower in the centre of the list the word is written "Finis", enclosed in a monogram [17th century, ink]. 2. Records of the members of the Commission of 1835-1837. The last list 65, which was clean, contains the data about the inventory of the Book, made by the 3rd Department of the Senate [30s of the 19th century, St. Petersburg, ink]. The inventory was certified by a personal signature of Mr. Vladislavlev, Chief Prosecutor of the Senate, and also by signatures of a State Advisor (the surname is unintelligible) and ofPyotr Babich, collegiate assessor; a little lower there is a sealing wax seal of the Senate (see about it 111. 9 and page 38, 111 of the volume). 3. The certification entries of the archivists-workers of the RSAAA (see the contents of the entries in page 111 of the volume) are placed in an unnumbered glued-in list [20th cent., Moscow, stamp imprint, ink].
6 Close to them: Laucevicius E. Popierius Lietuvoje XV-XVIII a. Atlasas. Vil., 1967. Xs 1702, 1705; SiniarskaCzaplicka J. Filigrany papierni polozonych na obszarze Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej od poczatku XVI do polowy XVIII wieku. Wroclaw - W-wa - Kr., 1959. .N° 1087;
7 Similar to this: Siniarska-Czaplicka J. Filigrany papierni potozonych na obszarze Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej od poc- zatku XVI do polowy XVIII wieku. Wroclaw - W-wa - Kr., 1959. №501, 502.
8 Close but not identical: Laucevicius E. Popierius Lietuvoje XV-XVIII a. Atlasas. Vil., 1967. .No 1029, 1031, 1038, 1040.
9 Similar: Laucevicius E. Popierius Lietuvoje XV-XVIII a. Atlasas. Vil., 1967. 2482.
Principles of Text Transfer and Scientific-Reference Instruments of the Volume
At transliteration of the text and the register, the principle of its letter-by-letter transfer was taken as the basis. At the same time, the text was adapted by the current alphabet. The graphic notation of the letters, which are today out of use, has been replaced by the modern one. The text is divided into words and sentences, the titles are disclosed, the off-set letters and sentences have been put into the line and given in italics. Author's remarks are in square brackets. The hard sign is preserved everywhere. The off-set letter (kern) in the form of "s" or a sign, which resembles "z", is given by the italics "u". The digraph "Kz", "cz", which denotes the explosive "z", has been preserved. The missed letters in the abridged words under the title are restored with account of the spelling of the old Belarusian language and are taken into parentheses. The abbreviations of the type Божъ, летъ, нарожъ are disclosed, and the missed letters are given in the same way as in the abbreviated words under the titles.
The numerals indicated by letters are given by Arabic numerals, for example: "Ka" =21, "лд" == 34, etc. The capital initial letter of each document is given in bold type.
The punctuation marks and conjunctions have been put pursuant to the current rules of punctuation.
The missing text fragments and unintelligible words are marked and interpreted in numbered remarks. Corrections of letter graphic, unless they change of the meaning of the sign, are not specified.
The texts of the documents are divided into paragraphs according to the principle of topically and grammatically finished section, and pursuant to the record of service.
The end of the list in Book-copy 43 is marked by a double slash "//". The number of the list is not brought into the margin, but indicated in the text itself in italics in square brackets. When the list number is accompanied by the abbreviation "адв", it means the backside of the list. In the volume the backside of the list is marked by letters "o6." and only by the new numeration.
In the publication, the documents are numbered. The ordinary number of the text of the document, which is now published, is put above to the left before the heading, and the date thereof- to the right. In the documents, which are dated by the author, these dates are given in square brackets. The headings to the texts of the documents are given in bold type and separated by a space from the texts. The names of sections of the Book are separated by still bigger spaces.
The carry-over word (catch-word) - the last subscript word (sometimes several words or a part of the word), written in lower right-hand corner of each previous list, - is missed. Its repeating -the first word of the following list - is marked by the figure one all over the text. For this very reason, the numeration of references in the documents of the Book starts with the figure two.
The slips of the pens of the copyists - they are not many - have been left in the text. The numbered comments tell which word should be read or understood. Proper and geographic names remain in the form they were written in the manuscript.
Different spelling of same words is met in the Book, even in one and the same document. The spelling of the in the publication is the same as in the manuscript, and is not specified in the comments.
Outgoing from the generally adopted current archaeographic practice of publishing similar sources, and from the contents of the published Book, the structure of the volume looks as follows: the Introduction gives the description of the Book, palaeography of the manuscript, archaeographic approaches of the compiler. Then, the text of the Introduction in the English language goes. Then, Illustrations, register of the documents, and then, their texts. The Scientific and Reference Instruments complete the volume.
The Scientific and Reference Instruments of the volume include the List of Abbreviations, the Name and Geographic Indices, the Subject Index-Dictionary, and also the Tables: No. 1 - Chronoloocal List of the Documents; No. 2 - Correlation of New and Old Codes of the Manuscript; No. 3 -Format and Contents of Labels of the Back of the Book; No. 4 - List of Publications of the Documents. Then, the list of illustrations, list of types of documents, chronological list of the documents, lists of the contents of the volume in English, Lithuanian and Russian. Then, the contents of the volume in Belarusian, including the list of author's headings to the documents of the Book, are given.
Scientific and Reference Instruments
The general principles of all three Indices are as follows: the surnames and names in the Name Index, the names of the places in the Geographic one and the words in the Subject one are given in the alphabetic order, the nouns are given in the nominative case, the verbs - in the infinitive; the references are given by the numbers of the documents. The register and the text of the Introduction are not accounted in the Indices. The words in all Indices are written in full forms without any notes: without indication of off-set letters and bracketing of the abridged ones, the hard sign is omitted or preserved pursuant to the rules of the modern language. However, at the same time, each Index has its specific features.
Name Index. Book 43 of the GDL Metryka mentions 301 persons. There is almost the same number of cases, when a reference is made from the name to the surname or to the patronymic. In the Name Index it takes 601 lines.
Each person in the Name Index is indicated both under its original name, and under his or her nickname; but in case there is no such - under the patronymic and the name of the grandfather, which in most cases became nicknames in the course of time. All the orthographic variants of the surname, name and patronymic are given in the Index after a slash, then after a dash - the social status, title, position and other brief information, then - numbers of documents. For example: " Пашушвенскі /Пашушвенскі Мікалай Шымкавіч. Пошусвенкий / Пошушвеский Миколай Шимкович, n. - 3, 20, 42; ц. гacn. эupaгoльски - 3, 20; m-лак гacn., cnpaўцa дз-вы Упіцкае - 42". The most often used form goes first in the reference. All the orthographic variants of the heading form, that is, the surname or its substitutes - the patronymic or the name - are repeated in the alphabetic order with the reference to the first, the main one, which is translated into the modem Belarusian language and written in bold. The translation of the heading form into Belarusian is separated from the source (initial) form by a full stop.
Same with the women's names. First goes the husband's surname, second - its derivative, third -a derivative from the husband's patronymic, if any, fourth - the maiden name or the surname of the first husband, fifth - the personal name, sixth - the patronymic. For example: "Забярэзенская Янавая Янавіча- Мсціслаўская Барбара Міхайлаўна. Заберезенская Яновая Яновіча-Мстислащская Барабара Михайловна, пані, княжна, м-вая гасп-ая - 44".
Certain syllabic parts of the names and their forms, which we managed to restore on the basis of other sources, are enclosed in square brackets.
The Name Index has a nature of comments. The brief information about the persons is based mainly on the data of the Book itself. The basic article of the Name Index dedicated to a particular person mentioned in the text of the documents, comprises the following: 1) surname, name, patronymic; 2) title (nobleman, duke, bourgeois, boyar, minor gentry) according to the materials of the Book; 3) positions (posts) according to the materials of the Book; 4) relative relations and other data.
Interpretation of names in the Index is given in the Belarusian language with the use of abbreviations (see the List of Abbreviations), only the first heading form is given, that is, other variants of the surname are omitted, the titles are not indicated, and the relative relations are given in the first position only.
The Name Index also gives the names of the saints and other persons of the Christian pantheon in the alphabetic order.
Geographical Index. The Geographical Index performs the functions of the comments; however, the comments themselves are given only for the dwelling settlements of Belarus. Their main aim is to give the reader a particular presentation about the present location of historical settlements, which are mentioned in Book 43 of the GDL Metryka. Thus, out of 128 geographic units of Book 43, which refer to the territory of Belarus, 49 (38.3%.) have been identified and localized, and 71 (55%) have been localized within the then historical and geographic boundaries. The comments reflect the data of the historical and geographical identification of dwelling settlement and their localization within the limits of the then and present administrative units. At identification of the dwelling settlement within the limits of the present administrative units, we made use of the Dictionaries of the Names of Dwelling Settlements of Regions of Belarus by Ya. N. Rapanovich (10). At identification and localization of the dwelling settlements within the limits of old administrative units, we made use of the lists and indices of the dwelling settlements of the Grodno, Minsk, Mogilyov, Vitebsk and Vilno provinces, the scientific and historical maps and articles on the principles of making a geographical index by M. F. Spiridonov (11). As a result of the respective research we have managed to clear out the following: Book 43 of the Metryka contains a total of 343 geographic units of the former GDL, which are distributed as follows: 128 units (37.3%) refer to the territory of Belarus, 118 (34.4%) - Lithuania, 56 (16.3%) - Ukraine, 7 (2%) - Podlyashye, 11 (3.2%) - Poland proper, and 4 (1.5%) - the GDL as a whole. One-two units refer to Russia, Germany, Prussia, and Horde (2%). The exact regional belonging of several geographic units (3%) was not stablished. The Geographic Index has in total, together with the reference lines, 434 positions. As necessary, additional reference ositions are formed from the main names. At a multiplicity of names of an identified and localized object, the modern name of the espective dwelling settlement is taken as the main position in the Index. An article of the Index on a given object starts with the main variant, and then all the other variants follow. Besides, they are also placed in their alphabet places as references.
The Geographic Index comprises all the geographic objects, mentioned in the text, including hydronyms and other topographic units (roads, virgin forests, groves, fields, borders, etc.); monasteries, churches, etc. are also included. In cases, when it was not possible to identify precisely a district, volost or other positions of the Index, or there are doubts, a question mark (?) is put in parentheses after such a name. Sometimes, only the name of the owner or user is given.
As already mentioned above, the Geographic Index comprises two main information blocks: the first one refers to the present status of dwelling settlements, the second one - of the middle of the 16th century.
10 Рапановіч Я. Н. Слоўнік назваў населеных пунктаў Віцебскай вобласі. Мн., 1977; same author. Слоўнік назваў населеных пунктаў Брэсцкай вобласці Мн.. 1980; same author. Слоўнік назваў населеных пунктаў Мінская вобласці. Мн., 1981; same author.. Слоўнік назваў населеных пунктаў Гродзенскай вобласці. Мн., 1982; same author.Слоўнік назваў населеных пунктаў Магілёўскай вобласці. Мн., 1983; same author.. Слоўнік назваў населеных пунктаў Гомельскай вобласці. Мн., 1986.
11 Slownik geograficzny Krolewstwa Роlskiego ... Т. 1-15. Warszawa, 1880-1902; Гошкевич И. И. Виленская губерния: Полный список населенных мест... Вильна. 1905; Список населенных мест Витебской губернии. Витебск, 1906; Ярмолович В. С. Список населенных мест Минской губернии. Мн., 1909; Список населенных мест Могилевской губернии. Могилев, 1910; Указатель населенным местам Гродненской губернии. Гродно, 1911; Спиридонов М. Ф. Карта: Беларусь в конце XVI в. 1:1000 000 // same author. Закрепощение крестьянства Беларуси (XV-XVI вв.). Мн., 1993. Приложение; same author. Пути повышения информативности указателей населенных пунктов в публикациях источников по истории ВКЛ XVI в. / Тэзiсы міжнароднай навукова-практычнай канферэнцыі "Архівазнаўства, крыніцазнаўства, гістарыяграфія Беларусі: Стан і перспектывы" 1-2 снежня 1993 г. Ч. 1. Мн., 1993. С. 74-79; same author. Узнаўленне публікацьй Метрыкі ВКЛ // Беларускі гітарычны агляд. Мн., 1996. Т. 3, Сш. 2. С. 259-275. Review of the book: Литовская Метрика: 6-я книга судных дел (1528-1547) / Подгот. И. Валиконите, С. Лазутка и др. Вильнюс: Изд. Вильнюсского университета, 1995; same author.. Чарговая кніга Метрыкі ВКЛ // Беларускі гітарычны агляд. Мн., 2000. Т. 7, Сш. 12. С. 191-199. Review of the book: Метрыка Вялікага Княства Літоўскага. Кн. 28: Кн. запісаў 28 (1522-1552 гг.) / Падрыхт. тэкстаў да друку [ навук. апарат: В. Мянжынск1, У. Свяжынскі. Мн.: Аthenaeum, 2000. 312 с.: iл. 8 (Калекцыя "Помнікі". Т. 1).
In order to give the maximum possible presentation about the geographical units, almost every main position is accompanied by references and comments, taken from the source itself. If a dwelling settlement is located in the territory of Belarus, and it was identified and localized, then the main position of the Geographic comprises the following: 1) the modern name in Belarusian and Russian (after a comma); the data on the modern: 2) type of the dwelling settlement (town, urban settlement, village, farmstead); 3) administrative value (district centre, regional capital, country capita l) and 4) administrative-territorial subordination (district, region); 5) name of the dwelling settlement pursuant to the source (all the variants); data of the then: 6) type of the dwelling settlement (town -"Mecma", borough, homestead, palace, village, small village); 7) administrativeeconomic function (centre of the estate, regional capital); 8) administrative value (district centre, voevodeship capital, etc.); 9) administrative-economic (name of the estate) and 10) administrative-territorial subordination (district, voevodeship, land); 11) type of ownership (gentry, state, church). If the dwelling settlement belongs to other regions of the GDL, only the following is given: 1) names pursuant to the source; data on the then: 2) type of the dwelling settlement; 3) administrative-economic function; 4) administrative value; 5) administrative-economic and 6) administrative-territorial subordination; 7) type of ownership (gentry, state, church). Various particular data from different documents on the dwelling settlements are grouped in the Index into respective word sub-rubrics. Thus, streets. Catholic churches, monasteries. Orthodox churches are grouped into such sub-rubrics within the Index. One should mind, that the texts of the documents of the Book published often contain incomplete, or even poor data on the dwelling settlements. That is why, we failed to fill in all the object positions in the Index. Localization and identification of an essential number of dwelling settlements, which had no marks, proved not possible.
Subject Index-Dictionary. The Subject Index-Dictionary performs both the information function, and the function of a dictionary, in which the words met in the context of each document are translated into the Belarusian language. It includes, first of all, the words, the semantics of which may be difficult for the user. This Index is intended not only for professional historians, but for a broad circle of readers, many of whom do not know the old-Belarusian language and are poorly familiar with the terminology of formal documents. Besides, the Subject Index-Dictionary is aimed to simplify for the reader his or her search of the required information in the text. In certain cases the terms are given in their all graphical and orthographical variants (for example, урад/ уряд/врад/вряд), and the normative variant of the old-Belarusian written language is included into the register in this case. The archaeographic variants of words and terms are given after a slash, and after a dash, their translation into the modern Belarusian language is given, then, after another dash, the numbers of the documents are given. For example: "маетность/маентность-маёмасць, багацце, каштоўныя рэчы-1-4, 15, 20, 41". And further, all the variants are listed with a reference to the first one, but without translation. For example: "маентность-гл.маетность". In case a word is used in multiple documents, instead of numbers - "passim" (everywhere) is given. For example: "бытии-быць -passim"
When interpreting words and terms we made use of the works in the history of the GDL (12) and the reference literature, first of all -the "Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language" (13).
12 Любавский М. К. Областное деление и местное управление Литовско-русского государства ко времени издания Первого литовского статута. М., 1892; same author. Литовско-русский сейм: Опыт по истории учреждения в связи с внутренним строем и внешнею жизнью государства. М., 1900; Довнар-Запольский М. Государственное хозяйство Великого княжества Литовского при Ягеллонах. Т. 1. К., 1901; зате аи(Ног. Очерки по организации западно-русского крестьянства в XVI веке. К., 1905; Пичета В. Аграрная реформа Сигизмунда-Августа в Литовско-русском государстве. Ч. 1-2. М., 1917.
13 Горбачевский Н. Словарь древнего актового языка Северо-Западного края и Царства Польского. В., 1874; Скурат К. У. Даўнія беларускія меры. Мн., 1974; Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы. Вып. 1-22. Мн., 1982-2002.
Book 43 of the GDL Metryka introduces a series of materials, so far unknown to the researchers, into scientific use. Let us hope that it will be helpful and interesting not only to historians and law researchers, but also to those persons, who are engaged in genealogy, diplomatics, science of documentation, codicology, historical geography, and also to linguists in the field of anomastics, historical lexicology and lexicography.
The volume was prepared for publication by V. S. Mianzhynski (copying, computer typing and verification of the texts, design scientific editing of the documents and Scientific and Reference Instruments of the volume).
Valery Mianzhynski